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Home/News/Who Holds Unused IPv4 Space, and Can You Buy It?
[ News · Nov 05, 2026 ]

Who Holds Unused IPv4 Space, and Can You Buy It?

Who Holds Unused IPv4 Space, and Can You Buy It?

By Savvas Bout, Founder of Prefixx. Last updated 5 November 2026.

Available IPv4 address space typically resides with a handful of governments, old universities, and large enterprises' IT departments. Many of these organizations combined their address spaces years ago and never offered them for sale since.

Of those who hold available address space some are very active in the market while others are all but unreachable. A third group holds large blocks of available space that have been announced to the community for a decade or more but never sold to anyone.

For network engineers and IP address managers, “unused” does not necessarily mean “available” for use. A /16 that is not announced in BGP may be held by a company that is planning an expansion, by a company whose IP address space is involved in a legal dispute. From a technical standpoint, the distinction between unused and available turns on whether the holder has reached the point of releasing control over those addresses.

Alternatively, Even by a company whose space was listed in a WHOIS record from the pre-modern transfer market era and has since been forgotten. In order to obtain the necessary IP address space in an efficient manner, one must first have an understanding of the relevant landscape (i.e. who holds IP address space today, what drives a holder to sell or lease IP address space, and how such space is transferred).

Gaining reliable access to these holders often requires specialized industry knowledge and established relationships within the registry community.

What counts as unused IP addresses

Note that unused space (i.e. space that is not currently in use) is not the same as unallocated space. All 4.3 billion IPv4 addresses are listed in the IP address registries around the world. Much of this space, however, is not carrying any traffic. When looking for space to use, or investigating the secondary market for address space, it is critical that one understand this distinction.

Allocated but silent: IP address space that never routes

The most common form of idle IPv4 addresses are old allocations held by organizations for many years. These networks are listed in the RIRs' databases as being held by a valid holder, but are not announced via BGP and hence there is no route to them in the routing tables. BGP is the protocol that enables routers to exchange reachability information and determine paths across the internet.

A university or government agency that got a /16 in the 1980s might only be using a small part of that across their networks in global routing tables today. The rest would be dark, i.e. technically assigned but not generating any traffic. Modern networks typically require only a fraction of their historical allocation to support current devices and infrastructure.

Legacy holdings and reserved space

Legacy IPv4 address space was allocated prior to the RIRs. In most cases holders of such space have no recognition of assignment (RSA) with a registry. Most of this allocated space has never been placed into service and therefore has never been routed.

Additionally, there are several blocks of permanently reserved space, such as the loopback ranges, the private RFC 1918 address space, and IANA special-purpose address space. These addresses will never be publicly allocated on the Internet, regardless of address space demand.

RIR pools and the waiting list

ARIN has a waiting list for qualified organizations applying for small allocations from ARIN’s last remaining unallocated addresses. These addresses are held by ARIN and by RIPE (which exhausts its free pool of addresses some time ago) and are very limited and not suitable for enterprise sized allocations. The waiting list prioritizes applicants who can demonstrate sufficient technical need and operational justification under current policy.

The secondary transfer market for used IPv4 address space exists because all of the IPv4 addresses were distributed long ago through the primary transfer market. The space that we broker to customers at Prefixx for transfer always comes from some current holder of that space, not from a registry issuing new IP addresses. That one distinction determines a great deal about how original distribution of IPv4 space across networks occurred and why the space is where it is today.

How IPv4 address space was originally distributed

The IPv4 address space being argued over today was distributed to prior generations decades before scarcity even became an issue. Understanding the original distribution chain of these addresses reveals that most of the space was handed out to prior generations of users prior to the current policy allocation.

How the internet assigned numbers authority flowed numbers top down

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is at the top of the assigned numbers hierarchy. The 32-bit address space is divided up into very large regional blocks and assigned to five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs): ARIN, the RIPE registry, APNIC, LACNIC and AFRINIC. Individual regional registries then assign smaller blocks to local Internet registries, such as Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and national registries. These in turn assign individual prefixes to end-user organizations.

I designed this chain to work on paper, but the earliest address blocks were never routed through it in practice. The protocol assumptions embedded in early address management simply did not anticipate the scarcity and commercial value that would emerge decades later.

The class a era and its lasting footprint

Before CIDR arrived in 1993, addresses were assigned in fixed classes. A Class A block covered 16.7 million addresses. Universities, US government agencies, and large technology companies received entire /8s in the 1980s simply by asking. Each Class A allocation represented a substantial portion of the total pool of IPv4 addresses that would eventually become scarce.

No obligation was placed on those recipients to justify the space held. Legacy holders therefore continue to hold large proportions of the total pool of space. The absence of justification requirements means these legacy holders retain their allocations within the global pool indefinitely.

What this means for internet users and the secondary market

The free pools of address space shut down between 2011 and 2020, and since then the transfer market has become the one way to acquire new address space. Legacy holders who never fully deployed their allocated space have become the de-facto supply side for these blocks. The exhaustion phase marked a fundamental shift in how IPv4 resources are obtained and valued.

Because of the long ownership chains, outdated WHOIS information, and very poor routing hygiene of these blocks from past eras, it is important to thoroughly vet these before they are sold to buyers. While the history of a block’s distribution is very interesting, the real question is who currently holds the largest reserves of address space?

Who actually holds the largest reserves of unused IPv4 addresses

While many assume that all unused IPv4 addresses are unowned, most such addresses are held by identifiable entities such as governments, legacy organizations and very large corporations that received enormous IP space allocations many years ago.

A block of IP addresses that has been allocated but which is never announced from within the global Internet via BGP (the routing protocol of the global Internet) is dark or unusable. BGP, the protocol that governs how these announcements propagate across the global Internet, determines whether a given block can be reached by other networks.

Legacy holders from the early internet protocol version

Universities played a large role in the early development of the internet. Many universities were allocated entire /8 blocks. MIT, Stanford University, and the UC system each have a full /8 (roughly 16.7 million addresses) designated to them. Apple and Ford also show up in the public routing tables for /8s delegated to them before formal RIR governance existed.

In the early days of the Internet, space was allocated to the US federal government and military. The Department of Defense was allocated multiple /8s of space. Much of this space was allocated in the 1980s when address space was abundant and today many of the unassigned blocks from that time remain unannounced.

Note: These are legacy resources, meaning they predate the current RIR system. They are not subject to the same utilization justification requirements that apply to newer allocation requests.

Commercial and carrier reserves with limited supply

Large technology companies and Internet service providers got to reserve large blocks of space before the free pools of address space closed. Many of these blocks were reserved during growth phases and now far exceed the amount of address space that the carrier is currently using.

While IPv6 adoption continues, maintaining reserves of IPv4 remains a long term solution for many carriers facing uncertain growth trajectories.

This dark space is observable. Organizations can monitor public BGP feeds to find prefixes registered by a holder with no route announcements for them.

RIR recovered pools and waiting lists

The 5 RIRs (including the American Registry for Internet Numbers) have small recovered address space pools. Space that is voluntarily returned to a RIR, reclaimed due to policy violations, or released by members who have gone out of business is put into a waiting list for that space. Each registry maintains its recovered pool separately, and the size and availability of these pools varies by region.

APNIC members and their equivalent from other RIRs can request allocation of address space from the recovered pools but the supply of such space is typically very low and the waiting time long. Qualifying members must demonstrate justified need and wait for their turn to gain access to these limited recovered pools.

As such recovered space is not generally sufficient to meet the needs of commercial customers the secondary transfer market for surplus address space exists. The RIRs themselves play a significant amount of role in managing the remaining space, and their individual policies can differ considerably from those of other RIRs and from what most buyers would expect.

The role of the five RIRs in managing remaining address space

The five RIRs are managing their remaining IPv4 address pools somewhat differently. Each of the 5 RIRs reached IPv4 exhaustion at different times and have since implemented different policies for the remaining pool of addresses as well as for returned IPv4 addresses and previously unallocated addresses that have been reclamation.

Address exhaustion and the last-resort policies

After ARIN’s exhausted pool hit in 2015, it has been operating off of a waiting list. Allocation of space to organizations qualifying under policy is only made with space that has cycled back through the pool of available space (e.g. via return of space or a reclaimed block of space).

The free pool of the Europe's regional internet registry expired in 2019. The last /8 policy allocated a single /22 to members who had not yet received an allocation from that final /8.

The APNIC region reached exhaustion in 2011, the first of the three major regions to do so. In summary, members are able to obtain a single /22 from the last-resort block to support their networks, on an eligibility basis, after which no further general allocations will be made.

LACNIC and AFRINIC: later exhaustion, same outcome

LACNIC, the RIR for Latin America and the Caribbean, reached its limit in 2020, just in time to become the last of the five RIRs to do so. Now they both are working under restricted allocation, much like ARIN is working from a waiting list.

How recovered IPv4 addresses re-enter circulation

The 5 registries reclaim such released domain names.

Recaptured addresses re-enter the secondary transfer market not as free allocation addresses. Addresses are recovered and sold through the registered broker community.

There is no free pool of IP addresses at any of the 5 RIRs. As a result, the transfer market is the largest supplier of IP addresses on a large scale. Prefixx is a registered broker for ARIN, the European IP registry and APNIC transfers. We can facilitate all transfers from start to finish. However, there are a number of reasons why much of this addressed space does not end up in the transfer market.

Why so much IPv4 space sits idle despite scarcity

Scarcity and idleness coexist in the IPv4 market. The structural incentives to hold IPv4 address space far outweigh the structural incentives to release IPv4 address space. While five RIRs were allocated to manage IPv4 address space for their respective regions, none of the five RIRs ever implemented a use-it-or-lose-it policy for their legacy assigned address space. As a result, much of the designated space is idle with no mechanism to force its return to the available pool.

No obligation to use or return space

Legacy holders such as universities, government departments and large corporations who received large blocks of land in the 1980s and 1990s have no reclamation date and zero holding costs. With a limited supply of land there is no external pressure on them to sell on the primary market even though prices are rising on the secondary market.

A US research university may hold a /8 but route only a fraction of it. The rest sits unannounced in BGP, invisible to users and unavailable to buyers, yet fully owned and untouchable under current policy.

Internal friction and organisational blind spots

Many organizations wish to monetize the unused space on their servers but are stopped by internal red tape. It is rare that legal, finance and IT all agree on who is responsible to make a decision about selling address space. Additionally, the typical procurement process for hardware and services does not translate well to selling address blocks.

Large blocks of address space are stranded after a merger and acquisition. The address space of the absorbed subsidiary or company is left in limbo, still distributed to a legal entity that ceased to exist as a registered RIR contact.

Unaware holders and shelved project reservations

Many holders have no idea what the value of their blocks is today. Others have reserved space for a future project that never came to fruition and were never revisited. As demand on transfer market networks continues to rise, this real inventory is locked up by holders who are unaware of the value of what they are holding. Understanding the sequence of steps to complete a transfer of idle held blocks is crucial for holders looking to release such inventory.

How unused IPv4 space enters the secondary transfer market

IP idle address space does not magically move to another account holder’s address space. It must be decided whether to monetize it or to return IP Address space (i.e. release IP Address space), and then a process needs to be followed (via a broker or at a RIR).

The length of time a transfer of IP Address space takes and the appropriate amount of due care and diligence needed to complete the IP transfer process between two account holders must be understood by companies before they proceed.

From idle holding to active listing

When selling an IP address holder first checks if he is allowed to sell the IP address in question (does it have outstanding LRSA/RSA requests with the respective RIR for example?) After that a broker can be contacted or the holder deals directly with the respective registry.

The size of a block of IP addresses can vary greatly (from /24 up to /16 or even larger) and checking for correct routing as well as blacklists usually is part of setting up the ad to sell IP addresses.

Someone with a legacy /20 that no longer routes any traffic can list that for sale with a broker and they will handle all the RIR paperwork, including any APNIC policy requirements, escrow, and transfer coordination for you.

Due diligence and quality control

Each block moved through Prefixx goes through Tixx, our quality control. Tixx verifies ownership, transferability, blacklists (12 DNSBLs) and routing health. A health report and transfer readiness score is generated for the buyer prior to transfer. This is where we filter out the contaminated / disputed blocks.

Transfer paths across registries

There are three primary paths for transferring IP address blocks between networks across regional registries: ARIN to the RIPE regional registry, ARIN to APNIC, and the RIPE address authority to APNIC. The table below shows a comparison of the three primary transfer paths.

RegistryDirect transferInter-RIR eligibleTypical timeline
ARINYesYes (RIPE, APNIC)4 to 8 weeks
RIPE NCCYesYes (ARIN, APNIC)2 to 4 weeks
APNICYesYes (ARIN, RIPE)4 to 6 weeks
LACNICFacilitatedLimitedVaries

Sites still running on the block, that hold services or even websites, will have to carefully plan for continued routing. Prefixx coordinates for LOA, RPKI ROA and IRR route objects will help. As holders of vast amounts of IP addresses, mostly old and not very densely populated, universities and research institutions face similar challenges but with a twist.

What happens to IPv4 space held by universities and research institutions

In the early days of public internet connectivity universities and research organizations were given very generous space allocations, in some cases a single /8 or even /16 containing millions of IP addresses to support a single campus area network that used only a small fraction of the total space reserved.

With pressure on their budgets and with IPv6 deployment gaining traction the value of secondary market IPv4 addresses is increasing. Thus a number of organizations are now selling off their unused IPv4 space.

Understanding what they hold

  1. Audit what your real footprint is. You will find that big blocks of space were registered decades ago but never were fully meshed into your current routing table. An internal audit of announced vs. dark space plus space that has been administratively issued but is idle will reveal your true surplus.
  2. Verify RIR registration status. Many legacy resources were registered before current RIR policies were developed. Find out if the space was registered under an RSA or LRSA and the associated transfer policies. Also, verify which registry will handle the transfer.
Note: Institutions sometimes assume legacy status blocks them from transacting. In most cases it does not, but the path differs from standard transfers. Verify policy with your RIR before assuming anything.

Deciding whether to sell, lease, or return

  1. Model the revenue against operational cost. A /16 can generate a lot of money on the secondary market. Leasing out small blocks of IP can also generate recurring income without having to sell the IP. Returning space to the RIR costs nothing. Most institutions will sell part of a /16 or lease it out once they have done the numbers.
  2. We work with many academic and research holders at ARIN, the European RIR and APNIC. Engage a registered broker early (such as Prefixx) to handle Tixx quality checks, escrow, and all routing related paperwork. Keep your IT department out of weeks of transfer administration.

Executing the transfer across private networks

  1. Documentation to prepare to transfer to a new RIR: Proof of organizational authority to apply for resources, Signed transfer agreement, Updated WHOIS information for resources currently held elsewhere. Prefixx will prepare the LOA, RPKI ROA, and IRR route objects for the client.
  2. Funds are held in escrow until RIR approval for transfer is received. The funds are then released. This completes the process and protects both parties involved. This is standard on all our completed deals.

The mechanics of transferring a transfer are another issue. More important is why someone would want to buy an IPv4 address space at all when IPv6 offers so much more space than that.

IPv4 vs IPv6: why unused IPv4 space still has real value

There is a big difference between IPv4 and IPv6.

The core difference: shared address space and structure

The IPv4 address space is 32 bits wide, allowing for about 4.3 billion addresses. All of these addresses are in use. In contrast, the IPv6 address space is 128 bits wide. For all practical purposes this is an unlimited address space.

Beyond the numbers, there are fundamental differences in the structure of IPv4 packets and IPv6 packets. To communicate with such hosts, translation or a dual-stack gateway/NAT64 device needs to be in between.

Why IPv6 is not a long term solution to the IPv4 crisis

Stepping up to IPv6 on the internet is not a clean-slate exercise as millions of legacy devices and systems are only IPv4 enabled. Most carriers, CDNs and larger enterprises operate their IP networks in dual-stack mode. If IPv4 support were to be dropped then a significant portion of the internet would become unreachable.

Organisations requiring globally reachable, routed addresses today cannot afford to wait for full IPv6 coverage. They require a clean IPv4 block with no historical blacklisting, transferable via the appropriate RIR.

Scarcity and the secondary market in the outside world

The five RIRs used up their free pools of IPv4 addresses between 2011 and 2020. After that there is no more IPv4 address space coming on the market. The fixed ceiling of remaining IPv4 addresses in the market determines the prices in the secondary market. Most of the unused IPv4 address space (so-called “blocks”) is held by universities, old ISPs and legacy holders.

As long as dual-stack operation is not unnecessary anymore, every routable IPv4 address space has real economic value.

Tixx quality control at Prefixx checks ownership, transfer eligibility, routing and blacklisting on all its sold space to ensure the buyer gets to pay a Scarcity Premium for quality, useable space. First though, you need to check if your organization hasn’t already been squatting on surplus space of its own.

How to find out whether your organisation holds unused IPv4 space

The amount of unused address space that most organizations hold is generally underestimated. Conducting a structured audit of three different sources of information (i.e., the relevant RIR records for APNIC members and others, the global routing table, and the IPAM system used within the organization) will provide insight prior to sell or lease.

Check your RIR allocation records

Logging into your organization's account on the member portals for ARIN, the RIPE coordination centre, or APNIC plays a crucial role in helping you download a complete list of all networks, allocations, and assignments that your organization owns. This will include all of the IP addresses that have ever been registered in your organization name, even if they are no longer managed in your current IPAM setup.

distributed space is held by you but not yet apportioned to end use (e.g. reserved for future use). allotted space is delegated to specific items such as devices, subnets or customers. Only apportioned space is likely to be transferable.

Cross-reference BGP announcements

Check what you have registered against what you actually announced using RIPEstat or a BGP looking glass. The difference i.e. Prefixes that you listed in your RIR's registry but which are not announced across global routing networks or tables are what you should try to recover.

A common finding in legacy space announced as a /20 is that only two /24s are actually announced and the rest of the addresses in that /20 are dark across the entire network and consume registration resources with no corresponding traffic.

Audit internal ipam for dark subnets

First filter your IPAM for subnets with no active leases and with no traffic for the past 90 days. Note that RFC 1918 private address space as well as RFC 6598 shared IP block has no value in the secondary market and therefore cannot be transferred.

  • Remove RFC 1918 and RFC 6598 ranges from scope.
  • Identify customer networks that have churned but whose allocations were never returned.
  • Export remaining dark blocks to consider for Prefixx valuation.

We can cross-check the list of candidates you have chosen against the Tixx quality criteria and networks to protect you from unnecessary commitment.

What sellers and buyers should know before transacting unused IPv4 blocks

Unused IPv4 IP range transactions require both parties to conduct due care. Buyer must verify what he is purchasing before he announces the purchased prefix to his customers.

What sellers must confirm first

A block needs to clear several gates before it can be transferred. The organization that holds the block first needs to prove that it controls the necessary resources. Finally, the block needs to fulfill all conditions of the transfer policy of the respective RIR.

Value increases with size of block. Smallest routable block of /24 IP addresses is most liquid. Larger blocks of IP addresses (from /23 up to /16) are of interest to institutional investors, though listing them can take longer.

What buyers must verify before announcing

First you check routing hygiene of a block of IP addresses. This means you check for a clean RPKI state, correct IRR data and a DNSBL black list that is not active for the main services. Geolocation data has to be corrected after a transfer of a IP address range as old data will route traffic to wrong parts of the world and will break geo dependent services.

Blacklisting should receive special attention. Delisting a Blacklist that was blocked due to spam or abuse can take several weeks. Some lists even require a manual check.

How region and size move the price

Factor Effect on value
ARIN /24 vs RIPE NCC /24 Noticeably different rates in the same month; ARIN blocks often carry a premium
Block size (/24 vs /20) Larger blocks trade at a lower per-address rate; /24s are most liquid
Reputation history Clean blocks command higher prices; flagged blocks require a discount to move

The escrow-secured settlement of the RIR ensures that both parties are protected from counterparty risk. First, the ownership, blacklisted domains, and transfer-eligible domain(s) go through Tixx quality control. For organizations and networks who would like to have this full-service solution from the very start, here is an overview of how things work with us.

Why Prefixx helps organisations unlock idle IPv4 holdings

Most organizations have no idea how to start selling, leasing or transferring their unused IPv4 addresses across regional internet registries.

  • Zero buyer fees, Seller only commission structure. Our commission rates are between 3% to 8% on completed sales only, No Win No Fee. The buyer pays nothing for access to vetted blocks of properties.
  • For every block of IPv4 IP allocation Tixx is performing quality control before it is sold or transferred. This includes a check on the ownership and transfer eligibility of the IPv4 IP pool as well as a black list check and a check on the IP address block’s routing.
  • We can also structure escrow-secured transactions where funds and resources are held in escrow until both parties have confirmed. This type of transaction has no exposure for either party.
  • We handle the white-glove routing paperwork for you. We create LOA, RPKI ROA and IRR route objects for you to enable routing. Note that we handle routing for you, and therefore do not delegate this back to you.
  • Inter-RIR transfer support: As a broker we are registered with ARIN, Réseaux IP Européens NCC and APNIC. Transfers to LACNIC can also be facilitated. All cross-registry transfers are part of the services we offer.
  • Senior consultants on every deal. This is a boutique brokerage. Every allocation, every transfer, every block is reviewed by a human.

If your organisation holds IP inventory it no longer needs, or needs IP addresses it cannot source from a waiting list, explore the Prefixx marketplace or contact our team directly for a no-obligation assessment.

Key takeaways: who holds unused IPv4 space and what it means for the market

Legacy holders, including governments, universities, and large companies, control the largest reserves of unused IPv4 IP resources. Regional internet registries have recovered some addresses, but that pool is small relative to demand. Address exhaustion is real, and the available pool on the open market reflects it.

Every idle block of IP addresses has measurable monetary value today. The secondary transfer market is the only practical source of IPv4 addresses for organizations that need them. With the right transfer process and a broker who vets both the block and the counterparty, unused space moves from holders who no longer need it to networks that do.

Frequently asked questions from APNIC members

Who holds a large number of unused IPv4 addresses among APNIC members awaiting exhaustion solutions?

The US Department of Defense holds the largest single concentration of IPv4 space, with legacy allocations covering hundreds of millions of addresses, much of it historically unannounced. Large US universities and early internet companies received enormous legacy blocks in the 1980s and 1990s, before scarcity was a concern. Several of those institutions, including APNIC members, have since sold portions of their holdings into the secondary market, but significant unannounced space remains across government, academic, and enterprise holders globally.

Can unused public addresses be reclaimed by the RIRs?

For modern allocations, RIRs can revoke a large number of address blocks if an organization fails to meet its membership obligations or cannot demonstrate ongoing need under current policy. Legacy space, provisioned before the RIR system existed, sits in a grayer area: ARIN, the RIPE networks coordination centre, and APNIC have each pursued legacy holders through policy and outreach, but outright forced reclamation is rare and legally contested. In practice, most unused space re-enters the market voluntarily through sales or transfers rather than through registry action.

How do I check if my organisation has unannounced IPv4 space?

Start with your RIR's WHOIS database to list every allocation and assignment registered to your organization. Then cross-reference those prefixes against a BGP routing table view, such as RIPEstat or RIPE's Routing Information Service, to see which blocks have active route announcements and which do not. Any prefix that appears in WHOIS but has no visible BGP origin is effectively dark space you may be sitting on.

Why do companies hold IPv4 addresses they are not using?

The most common reason is organizational inertia: addresses were administered to a project, data center, or product line that was later decommissioned, and no one updated the routing or initiated a return. Some companies hold space deliberately as a strategic reserve, anticipating future growth or acquisitions. Others simply do not know they have it, particularly after mergers where IP assets were not inventoried alongside physical hardware.

What is the difference between allocated and assigned IPv4 space?

An allocation is a block the RIR gives to an ISP or LIR so that organization can sub-distribute it to its own customers. An assignment is space given directly to an end-user organization for use within its own operational networks, with no expectation of further distribution. The distinction matters for transfers: reserved space follows different policy rules than managed space, and some RIRs treat legacy assignments under separate frameworks entirely.

Is unused IPv4 addresses worth selling in 2025?

Yes. The free pools across all five RIRs emptied between 2011 and 2020, and every new address now comes from the secondary transfer market.

A block that is sitting dark in your WHOIS record is a liquid asset, and Prefixx handles the entire sale process, including Tixx quality checks, escrow, and RIR transfer paperwork, on a no-win-no-fee basis with a seller-only commission.

How does an inter-rir transfer work for unused IPv4 blocks?

An inter-RIR transfer moves a block from one registry's database to another, for example from ARIN to Europe's RIR, so the receiving organization can use the space under its own regional registry.

Both the source and destination RIRs must approve the transfer under their respective policies, and the block, even if it represents a small pool of addresses, must meet each registry's transfer eligibility criteria, including a clean ownership record and no outstanding policy violations.

The largest holder of unutilized IPv4 IP holdings are legacy holders, including many US federal agencies, as well as older universities and many of the early technology companies in the industry.

While the five RIRs manage to free up a little IPv4 IP assets from time to time for distribution from their free pools of IPv4 addresses, these free pools have effectively been depleted. Secondary transfer of already provisioned IPv4 IP subnet is now by far the largest source of new IPv4 IP prefix.

The market is opaque by design and prices vary greatly based on a number of different factors, including RIR region, block size, routing history, and the networks involved in the transaction. Knowing who holds a particular block of IP space and why it is held idle is key to finding the right block of IP at the right price.

If you are sourcing IPv4 addresses, Prefixx vets every block through Tixx before it reaches a buyer, handles the full RIR transfer, and charges zero buyer fees.

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